Core References

• Designing Regulatory Institutions for Infrastructure – Lessons from Argentina. Note no. 114 in Public Policy for the Private Sector. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group, May 1997. Estache, Antonio

  Explains that accountability requires transparency in the regulatory agency’s decision-making process, and clear, simple procedural rules. Processes to ensure that all concerned parties have the opportunity to express their views in public hearings and to appeal decisions are important.

• Five-Year Strategic Management Plan: 2003 – 2007 2003. Nigerian Communications Commission

  Describes NCC’s relationships with government and stakeholders.

• Utility Regulators: The Independence Debate. Note no. 127 in Public Policy for the Private Sector. Washington, D.C.: World Bank Group, 1997. Smith, Warrick

  Explains the mechanisms of independence, such as having a legal mandate distinct from the ministry, appointment criteria, checks and balances in appointments, fixed terms, protections from arbitrary removal, staggered terms, and earmarked funding.

• Utility Regulators — Decisionmaking, Structures, Resources, and Start-up Strategy Public Sector Note no. 129, World Bank, Washington, D.C., 1997. Smith, Warrick

  Examines practices for making decisions that are “well informed and accepted as fair and legitimate” by consumers, regulated firms and other stakeholders. Key regulatory processes and advisory bodies are explored.

• Business Plan 2000-2002 2001. Uganda Communications Commission

  Describes UCC’s relationships with stakeholders.

Sectoral References

ELECTRICITY

• Strengthening of the Institutional and Regulatory Structure of the Brazilian Power Sector World Bank Report on the PPIAF Project for Brazil Power Sector, Task 4, Washington, D.C., December 2002. Brown, Ashley C., and De Paula, Ericson

  Describes potential conflicts of interest in having regulators involved in concessions and auctions. Also describes key considerations in deciding whether regulators should have roles in sector planning. Explains the importance and mechanisms of transparency.

TELECOMMUNICATIONS

• ICT Regulation Toolkit Washington, D.C.: infoDev and the International Telecommunications Union, 2007, Modules 1 and 6.

  Describes telecommunications regulators’ roles as implementers of policies set by the government.

TRANSPORTATION

• Working together: assessing Public–Private Partnerships in Africa Potential of Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) in Africa South African Institute of International Affairs (SAIIA), University of the Witwatersrand (Wits), South Africa, 2005. Farlam, Peter

  Using eight case studies, examines the potential of Public Private Partnerships in Africa. Finds that those partnerships that have been most successful in Africa have been characterised by thorough planning, good communication, strong commitment from both parties and effective monitoring, regulation and enforcement by government. Recommendations for African governments and the private sector drawn from the case studies.

Key Words

Stakeholders, Transparency, Public, Government, Consumers